Hysterosalpingogram (HSG): A Key Diagnostic Tool in Fertility Care
A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a crucial diagnostic procedure used in fertility evaluations to assess the health and patency of the fallopian tubes and the shape of the uterine cavity. This minimally invasive radiological test provides essential insights for patients seeking to understand potential barriers to conception.
What is an HSG?
HSG involves injecting a radiopaque dye through the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes while using fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray imaging) to track the dye’s flow. The procedure helps identify:
- Blockages or abnormalities in the fallopian tubes.
- Irregularities in the uterine cavity.
While HSG is effective for detecting fallopian tube issues, it is less reliable for diagnosing endometrial lesions. In such cases, additional tests like sonohysterography (SHG) or hysteroscopy may be recommended. These confirmatory tests are routinely performed by fertility specialists at PCRM.
Preparing for an HSG
To minimize discomfort during the procedure, patients are advised to take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen, approximately one hour before the test. It is also important to follow any pre-procedure instructions provided by the clinic.
Conditions Identified by HSG
HSG can help identify:
- Fallopian tube blockages: A common cause of infertility.
- Uterine abnormalities: Such as a bicornuate or septate uterus. Further differentiation often requires advanced imaging techniques like 3D ultrasound, MRI, or laparoscopy/hysteroscopy.
PCRM’s main office in British Columbia offers specialized 3D ultrasound services for precise diagnosis.
Preventing Post-Procedure Infections
As HSG involves placing a catheter through the cervix, there is a small risk of infection. Patients with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or hydrosalpinges may benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis. A typical regimen includes doxycycline (100mg taken orally twice daily) for 3 to 5 days, starting the day before the procedure.
Pre-Procedure Screening
Many imaging facilities in British Columbia and Alberta require patients to undergo a pregnancy test before the procedure to ensure safety. Some clinics may also recommend screening for sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, prior to the test.
Take the Next Step in Your Fertility Journey
HSG is a valuable diagnostic tool that can provide clarity and direction for those navigating fertility challenges. If you’re ready to explore your fertility options or have questions about HSG, our team at PCRM can help.
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About the PCRM Blog
Welcome to the Pacific Fertility Centre for Reproductive Medicine Blog! Nationally and internationally recognized for providing exceptional reproductive care, our team believes in empowering people with the knowledge they need to navigate their unique fertility journeys.
From information on the latest fertility treatments to valuable insights on egg donation, surrogacy, and everything in between, the Pacific Centre for Reproductive Medicine Blog is your ultimate resource for all things reproductive care and support. Read on to learn more, and contact us today if you have any questions or want to schedule a new patient appointment.